The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has constituted a panel to check the overexploitation of groundwater, pointing out that states and union territories have failed to prevent illegal extraction. The bench, while reviewing a report, noted significant gaps in enforcement and regulation, stating that much action is warranted by the authorities.
NGT's Observations on Groundwater Crisis
The tribunal observed that despite existing laws and guidelines, illegal extraction continues unabated in many regions. The report highlighted that states have not taken adequate measures to monitor or curb the practice, leading to a severe depletion of groundwater levels. The NGT emphasized that this poses a serious threat to water security and the environment.
Formation of the Panel
The newly formed panel will comprise officials from the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), state groundwater departments, and environmental experts. Its mandate includes assessing the extent of illegal extraction, identifying hotspots, and recommending strict enforcement actions. The panel is expected to submit its report within three months.
Key Responsibilities of the Panel:
- Conduct field inspections in areas with reported illegal extraction.
- Review existing groundwater extraction policies and their implementation.
- Propose measures to strengthen monitoring and penalize violators.
- Coordinate with state authorities to ensure compliance.
State Governments Under Scrutiny
The NGT pulled up several states for their lackadaisical approach. It noted that while some states have enacted laws, enforcement remains weak. The tribunal directed all states to file compliance reports within six weeks, detailing actions taken against illegal borewells and unauthorized extraction units.
“The report clearly indicates that states have not done enough. Immediate corrective measures are needed to prevent a water crisis,” the bench remarked.
Impact on Groundwater Levels
India is one of the largest users of groundwater globally, with over 60% of irrigation and 85% of rural drinking water relying on it. Overexploitation has led to a rapid decline in water tables, especially in states like Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. The NGT's intervention aims to reverse this trend through stricter regulation.
Next Steps
The panel will hold its first meeting within two weeks. It has been empowered to summon officials and seek data from any state. The NGT warned that non-compliance would result in contempt proceedings. Environmental activists have welcomed the move, calling it a crucial step toward sustainable water management.
