Eminent archaeologists and historians gathered to pay heartfelt tributes to Debala Mitra, the trailblazing first woman director general of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), marking her 100th birth anniversary. The event celebrated her monumental contributions to unearthing and preserving India's rich archaeological heritage.
A Pioneer's Journey: From Khulna to Heading the ASI
Born on December 14, 1925, in Khulna, now part of Bangladesh, Debala Mitra joined the ASI in the 1940s. Through dedication and scholarly excellence, she climbed the ranks to become the head of the prestigious organisation in 1981. She passed away in 2003, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire.
Unearthing the Diamond Triangle: A Lasting Legacy
Mitra's most celebrated work was her pioneering excavations at Odisha's iconic Buddhist sites—Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri, and Udayagiri—collectively known as the 'Diamond Triangle'. Between 1958 and 1961, her efforts revealed:
- A sprawling monastic complex active from the 5th to the 13th century.
- A massive stupa at Lalitgiri.
- An apsidal 'chaitya griha' with a circular stupa, the first such discovery in Odisha.
Her most remarkable find was a golden casket believed to contain relics of Lord Buddha, which was nested within four other intricately crafted caskets. This discovery cemented the historical and religious significance of the site.
Scholar, Conservator, and Author
Sunil Patnaik, former secretary of OIMSEAS, remembered her as a "distinguished scholar of art, architecture and Buddhism." Beyond the Diamond Triangle, Mitra's expertise was instrumental in conservation projects at the Konark Sun Temple and the Khandagiri-Udayagiri caves. She also unearthed 92 bronze images at Achyutrajpur.
Her scholarly contributions extended to authoritative texts. Her book, 'Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India' (1981), remains a seminal work for students and researchers. Scholars at the tribute acknowledged her profound and lasting impact on Buddhist studies not only in India but also in neighbouring Nepal.
The centenary event served as a powerful reminder of Debala Mitra's role as a pathbreaker for women in archaeology and her invaluable work in piecing together India's ancient past.
