In a significant move to understand the nation's psychological well-being, the Indian government has initiated a new National Mental Health Survey. This marks the first such comprehensive assessment in nine years and the first since the Covid-19 pandemic reshaped lives across the country.
Expanded Scope and Key Objectives of NMHS-2
The survey, officially titled National Mental Health Survey-2 (NMHS-2), is being spearheaded by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Nimhans) in Bengaluru. A major departure from the 2015-16 exercise, which covered only 12 states, NMHS-2 will for the first time include all states and union territories.
Its scope is also broader demographically, encompassing adolescents aged 13-17 years alongside all adults above 18. The health ministry states that the survey will generate crucial state-wise and national estimates for priority mental health conditions. It will also evaluate associated disability and the profound social and economic burdens faced by individuals and families, while tracking how people access care and utilize services.
Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future
The previous survey painted a stark picture of the challenge. The NMHS 2015-16 found that 10.6% of Indian adults suffered from mental disorders, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at 13.7%. Subsequent national studies suggest this figure may now be closer to 15% of the adult population requiring clinical intervention.
The data revealed a clear urban-rural divide, with the burden higher in urban metros at 13.5% compared to 6.9% in rural areas. These findings underscore the urgent need for updated, pan-India data to shape an effective response.
Focus on Vulnerable Groups and Emerging Threats
Recognizing that mental health challenges are not evenly distributed, NMHS-2 has widened its lens to study specific vulnerable populations. These include children, women, the elderly, migrants, and tribal communities.
Furthermore, in a forward-looking approach, the survey will also examine the mental health impact of contemporary stressors like climate change, disasters, and displacement. This inclusion reflects a growing understanding of how environmental and social upheavals affect psychological resilience.
A parallel component of the survey involves a comprehensive mapping of mental health services and resources available across all states and UTs, which will highlight gaps in infrastructure and access.
Guiding Policy and Resource Allocation
Health officials emphasize that the findings from NMHS-2 are expected to be instrumental. The data will strengthen the National Mental Health Programme, providing an evidence base to guide the allocation of resources and personnel.
More importantly, it will inform future policy decisions, ensuring that interventions are targeted effectively, particularly in underserved and high-risk regions identified by the survey. This landmark study aims to move India's mental health strategy from assumption to data-driven action.
