In a landmark revelation for wildlife conservation, India has officially counted its population of the enigmatic snow leopard. The first-ever comprehensive survey, known as the Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI) Report 2024, estimates that 718 of these majestic big cats roam the country's high Himalayan ranges. Often dubbed the 'ghost of the mountains' for its elusive nature, this count provides a crucial baseline for protecting the endangered species.
The Elusive Phantom of the High Himalayas
The snow leopard's reputation as a phantom is well-earned. Its pale grey coat with rosette markings provides perfect camouflage against the rocky, icy slopes it calls home. Experts from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) highlight its incredible adaptations, including stealth, agility, and soft paws that leave barely a trace. These solitary creatures require vast territories, with a single individual patrolling an area between 200 to 2,000 square kilometres. This combination of camouflage, stealth, and low density makes sightings exceptionally rare, even for seasoned wildlife trackers.
State-by-State Breakdown: Ladakh Leads the Count
The SPAI report, with data current as of January 30, 2024, offers a detailed geographical breakdown of where India's snow leopards live. The Union Territory of Ladakh emerges as the undisputed stronghold, accounting for approximately 477 snow leopards. This makes the region, particularly the famed Hemis National Park, a global hotspot for the species.
The population in other states is as follows:
- Uttarakhand: 124
- Himachal Pradesh: 51 (with more recent reports suggesting an increase to 83)
- Arunachal Pradesh: 36
- Sikkim: 21
- Jammu and Kashmir: 9
These figures underscore the snow leopard's presence across both the western and eastern Himalayan regions, with significant populations in protected areas like the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Gangotri National Park, and the Spiti Valley.
Conservation in Action: Project Snow Leopard
Recognizing the critical need to safeguard this apex predator and its fragile ecosystem, the Government of India launched 'Project Snow Leopard'. This dedicated conservation program aims to protect the endangered cat and the high-altitude habitats it inhabits. The successful SPAI survey itself is a cornerstone of these efforts, employing a large-scale methodology that combines camera traps, scientific surveys, and invaluable knowledge from local communities.
The importance of this work extends far beyond the species itself. As noted by the WWF, the health of snow leopard habitats is vital for millions, as over 330 million people live within 10 kilometres of rivers originating in these mountain landscapes. Protecting the 'ghost of the mountains' means safeguarding water sources and ecological services for a vast population.
