Violent protests in Assam's protected Karbi Anglong hill region have entered a third day, resulting in two fatalities and dozens of injuries. The state government has responded by imposing curfew-like restrictions and suspending mobile internet services across two districts to contain the escalating situation.
Roots of the Conflict: Land Rights and Tribal Autonomy
The unrest stems from long-standing tensions in the West Karbi Anglong and Karbi Anglong districts. The indigenous Karbi community alleges illegal encroachment by non-tribal settlers on protected grazing reserves. This region is governed by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution, which grants tribal autonomous councils significant control over land, forests, and local governance to safeguard indigenous rights.
For over a year, residents have demanded the eviction of these alleged encroachers, fearing the erosion of their constitutional land protections. The situation reached a critical point after community members began a hunger strike on December 6.
Escalation into Violence and Police Response
The protests turned violent on Tuesday, following the medical evacuation of some fasting individuals to Guwahati. Police stated that misinformation about the arrest of a protest leader triggered widespread anger. Protesters, armed with bows, arrows, crude bombs, and stones, clashed with security forces.
In the ensuing violence, two people lost their lives: one tribal protester in police action and a non-tribal man in a fire that gutted several shops in Kheroni town, the epicenter of the unrest. Assam's Director General of Police, Harmeet Singh, reported that 48 police personnel, including senior officers, were injured in the attacks. Singh himself was among those injured.
"They tried to take over a bridge, and when stopped, they attacked us with crude bombs and arrows. We have video evidence and will take legal action," the DGP stated.
Government Measures and Path Forward
In a bid to control the narrative and prevent further escalation, the Assam government ordered the immediate suspension of mobile internet and data services in both districts. Biswajit Pegu, Commissioner and Secretary for Home and Political Affairs, warned that violations would be punishable under relevant laws.
Despite the ongoing arson and violence, a glimmer of dialogue emerged. State Cabinet Minister Ranoj Pegu met with protesters and secured an agreement to call off the hunger strike. Tripartite talks involving the state government and the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council are scheduled for December 26 to address broader tribal issues.
Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma expressed his pain over the deaths, offered condolences, and announced the deployment of additional forces. Authorities are urging community leaders to help restore calm ahead of the crucial talks, while a special investigation team examines video footage to identify those responsible for the violence.
