Uttarakhand's Eco-Tourism Dilemma: Nature Preservation Meets Economic Growth
The Uttarakhand Transformation Dialogues 2026 sparked intense discussions as conservationists, hospitality leaders, and academics gathered for a pivotal session titled "Nature to Nurture: Eco-Tourism, Wildlife & the Wellness Economy." Moderated by senior journalist Sanket Wadhiai, the panel tackled a critical question: How can Uttarakhand safeguard its pristine natural environment while capitalizing on a booming tourism economy?
Forests and Wildlife: A Double-Edged Sword
Ranjan Mishra, IFS and PCCF from Uttarakhand's Forest Department, opened with a data-driven overview. He highlighted that approximately 71% of the state is classified as forest land, significantly above India's national average. Protected areas alone constitute 16%, compared to the country's 3.5%. "Tigers are our pride," Mishra declared, noting that their population has surged from 264 in 2006 to around 560 today, positioning Uttarakhand among the world's premier tiger habitats.
However, Mishra emphasized the accompanying challenges. Human-wildlife conflicts are escalating, particularly with bears. He cited a stark example: a single bear killed 58 cattle in just one month in Pauri district, causing severe economic hardship for local families. Recent tiger attacks on women collecting wood or fodder further illustrate the precarious coexistence between communities and wildlife.
Forest fires pose another significant threat. Mishra warned, "If forests burn and smoke fills the valleys, will tourists still come?" He stressed that environmental protection is intrinsically linked to livelihoods and economic stability. Despite over 50,000 hectares of forest being diverted for development in the past 25 years, the Forest Department views itself as a "watchman" rather than a landlord, striving to maintain ecological balance. Mishra welcomed India's 2023 policy recognizing tourism as a forestry activity, seeing it as a progressive step for eco-tourism.
Tourism Industry Perspectives and Infrastructure Challenges
Sandeep Sahni, head of the Hotel Association of Uttarakhand, presented the industry's viewpoint. He acknowledged Uttarakhand's natural advantages—stunning landscapes, improved connectivity, and a spiritual allure that attracts millions annually. Yet, managing this influx is daunting. With a population of about one crore, the state hosts nearly seven crore tourists each year. "Infrastructure has to go hand in hand," Sahni insisted, arguing that conservation requires meticulous planning and sustainable development.
Sahni noted that while larger hotel chains are adopting responsible practices, broader compliance remains a challenge. Approximately 90% of Uttarakhand's tourism is religious or aspirational, making it difficult to emulate models like Bhutan, which focuses on fewer, high-spending visitors. This mass tourism trend complicates efforts to implement eco-friendly strategies.
Cultural Insights and Community-Based Solutions
Dr. Lokesh Ohri, an anthropologist and author, offered a cultural and historical perspective. Having extensively studied the Himalayas, he described Uttarakhand as a land where every stone and river holds profound meaning. He shared an anecdote about a sadhu walking from Kerala to Kedarnath, underscoring the state's deep spiritual draw.
Ohri criticized the modern tourism trend, which he labeled a "numbers game" driven by social media photo opportunities rather than authentic experiences. He advocated for a return to pilgrimage values—slow, respectful travel that honors local traditions. To protect fragile ecosystems, he urged the state to establish carrying capacities for popular sites.
A strong proponent of community-based tourism, Ohri emphasized the benefits of homestays, local cuisine, and interactions with mountain communities. He issued a stark warning: "Humans have become pests on planet Earth," cautioning that unchecked exploitation could destroy the very attractions that draw visitors. However, he expressed optimism if tourism adopts a mindful, nature-paced approach.
Consensus and Future Directions
By the dialogue's conclusion, panelists agreed that Uttarakhand stands at a critical juncture. Its unique blend of biodiversity, spiritual heritage, and growing wellness appeal places it in a special position within India's eco-tourism landscape. Yet, without intelligent growth strategies, enhanced visitor management, and greater community involvement, these strengths risk becoming vulnerabilities. The session underscored the urgent need for collaborative efforts to ensure Uttarakhand's sustainable future.
