Kolkata Witnesses Disturbing Surge in Endometriosis Cases Among Young Urban Women
Endometriosis, a chronic and frequently debilitating medical condition that is commonly mistaken for ordinary menstrual discomfort, is rapidly emerging as a critical women's health issue, particularly affecting young, urban women in Kolkata. On World Endometriosis Day, observed on March 28, gynecologists highlighted that many patients are diagnosed only after undergoing fertility tests when they struggle to conceive.
Rising Incidence and Delayed Diagnosis
Kolkata has experienced a noticeable uptick in young women suffering from endometriosis, presenting symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, severe menstrual cramps, and difficulties in conception. Experts report that numerous affected individuals initially dismissed these symptoms as "normal period pain," resulting in significant delays in medical intervention.
Endometriosis is defined as a condition where cells resembling the uterine lining, or endometrium, grow outside the uterus. A growing number of cases are being documented among women in their 20s and 30s, especially within urban centers.
Expert Insights and Clinical Observations
Bani Kumar Mitra, founder and chief consultant at Abha Surgy Centre, expressed concern: "We have observed a worrying increase in endometriosis diagnoses, predominantly among adolescents and women of reproductive age. It is often erroneously dismissed as mere period pain. Over time, the condition becomes chronic and progresses, potentially rendering it untreatable."
Dibyendu Banerjee, a gynecologist at Charnock Hospital, noted that endometriosis is frequently identified during infertility evaluations. "Testing often reveals that patients have endometriosis, yet they had never previously consulted a doctor about their symptoms," he explained.
Genetic and Immunological Factors
Mitra elaborated on the etiology, stating that endometriosis is a genetic disease with estrogen as a primary contributory factor. "Additionally, there are immunological aspects to consider. Patients with genetic predispositions or immunological deficiencies are more susceptible to developing endometriosis," he added.
Symptoms and Treatment Pathways
According to Banerjee, the disease manifests two primary symptoms: pain and infertility. "Persistent pain during menstruation should not be ignored, and appropriate testing is essential. While infertility is a common symptom, initial indicators, primarily menstrual pain, must be taken seriously. Early treatment can lead to a cure, and we have successfully treated several patients who subsequently conceived," he emphasized.
Mitra pointed out that increased awareness and diagnostic testing have also contributed to the rising number of reported cases.
Management Strategies and Risk Factors
Sujata Dutta, consultant gynecologist at Bhagirathi Neotia Woman and Child Care Centre, detailed that management depends on the condition's severity and the individual's reproductive objectives. "Treatment involves pain management, hormonal therapy, and surgical procedures like laparoscopy," she said. Dutta added that women in Kolkata with high-stress lifestyles, sedentary habits, and those who delay pregnancy are frequently affected, though endometriosis can impact women across all demographic groups.
M M Samsuzzoha, consulting gynecologist at Manipal Hospital, cautioned that endometriosis requires long-term treatment to prevent recurrence.
