Study Reveals Key Factors Behind Chronic Kidney Disease in Odisha
Uncontrolled diabetes and heavy metals in drinking water are major contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Odisha, according to preliminary findings from an ongoing study conducted by SCB Medical College and Hospital in Cuttack and Vimsar in Burla. The research highlights significant public health concerns in the state, with environmental and lifestyle factors playing critical roles in the prevalence of this debilitating condition.
Diabetes and Heavy Metals Identified as Primary Culprits
The study indicates that 30-40% of kidney disease cases in Odisha occur due to uncontrolled diabetes, while heavy metals in drinking water are responsible for approximately 15% of CKD instances. Among 3,200 patients examined at the hospitals, 480 showed traces of heavy metals in their urine, underscoring the widespread nature of this issue.
Dr. Bibekananda Kar, professor and head of the nephrology department at SCB, emphasized the severity of the situation. "During my study in Cuttack, Balangir, and Jharsuguda districts, I found samples of drinking water containing heavy metals," he stated. He further noted that uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension claim many lives annually in the state and country, advocating for safe and potable drinking water in CKD-affected areas to help reduce case numbers.
Under-Diagnosis and Prevention Strategies
Dr. Kar pointed out that the leading causes of CKD remain widely under-diagnosed and under-treated. To combat this, he outlined eight golden rules for kidney health: regular physical activity, a healthy diet, adequate hydration, blood glucose control, blood pressure management, avoiding smoking, appropriate medications, and regular kidney function tests. These measures are crucial for prevention and early intervention.
Rising Concerns Over CKD of Unknown Origin
Dr. Sukanto Kishore Das, a consultant nephrologist and kidney transplant physician, added that while diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of CKD, increasing attention is being drawn to CKD of unknown origin (CKDu) in several regions. He explained that many affected individuals are agricultural workers without traditional risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension.
Environmental factors, including contaminated drinking water, heat stress, dehydration, and occupational exposure to agrochemicals, are suggested as possible contributors, although the exact cause remains uncertain. Dr. Das stressed the importance of early detection, regular screening of high-risk populations, healthy lifestyle practices, and timely access to dialysis and kidney transplantation to aid patients.
Implications for Public Health in Odisha
The findings from this study call for urgent action to address the dual threats of diabetes management and water quality in Odisha. By focusing on preventive healthcare and environmental safeguards, authorities can potentially reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease and improve overall community well-being. Continued research and public awareness campaigns are essential to tackle this growing health challenge effectively.
