Dr. A.E. Muthunayagam Honoured with Padma Shri 2026 for Space Science Legacy
In a significant recognition of scientific excellence, veteran space scientist Dr. A. E. Muthunayagam has been conferred with the prestigious Padma Shri award in 2026 in the field of Science and Engineering. Dr. Muthunayagam stands as one of the principal architects of India's liquid propulsion programme, with his pioneering contributions forming the technological backbone of the nation's most critical launch vehicles, including the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
From Nagercoil to Global Scientific Leadership
Born on January 11, 1939, in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, Dr. Muthunayagam demonstrated exceptional aptitude in engineering from an early age. His academic journey is marked by distinguished achievements:
- He earned his Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Madras in 1960, graduating with first-class honors.
- He pursued a master's degree from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru in 1962, completing it with distinction.
- Dr. Muthunayagam further obtained a Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, USA in 1965, where he engaged with cutting-edge aerospace research, including projects linked to NASA.
- Demonstrating his versatile intellect, he also acquired an LLB degree from the University of Kerala in 1975.
Architecting India's Rocket Propulsion Systems
Dr. Muthunayagam joined India's burgeoning space programme in 1966, relocating to Thiruvananthapuram. He was among the first cohort of scientists recruited by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, widely regarded as the father of the Indian space program. Over subsequent decades, he held pivotal roles at the Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC), later renamed the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), where he led both the Propulsion Engineering and Mechanical Engineering divisions.
His leadership was crucial in several landmark projects, including:
- The Rohini 125 Rocket Project
- The Rohini Multi-stage Rocket Project
- The Strip Wound Motor Project
Additionally, he served as Project Engineer and Chairman of the Board of Administration at the Static Test and Evaluation Complex in Sriharikota, underscoring his comprehensive involvement in India's space infrastructure.
Founding Director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
Dr. Muthunayagam's most enduring legacy lies in the development of liquid propulsion technology. As Project Manager of the Vikas engine project—developed in collaboration with a French aerospace company—he oversaw a major technological advancement that became fundamental to India's launch capabilities.
In November 1985, he became the founding Director of the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), a position he held until April 1994. Under his visionary guidance, LPSC established essential test stands and assembly facilities at Mahendragiri, enabling the rigorous testing of liquid stages for the PSLV and GSLV. He also chaired the Rocket Propulsion Board and led mission readiness reviews for the ASLV D1 and D2 launches, ensuring operational success.
Expansive Contributions Beyond ISRO
Following his tenure at LPSC, Dr. Muthunayagam continued to serve in significant national and academic capacities, showcasing his multidisciplinary expertise:
- He served as Secretary of the Department of Ocean Development, contributing to marine science policy.
- He held the position of Executive Vice-President of the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment.
- He was Chairman of the Board of Governors of IIT Madras from 2005 to 2008, influencing technical education.
- He participated in various national advisory committees focused on science, technology, and propulsion.
Internationally, Dr. Muthunayagam chaired the Regional Committee of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission for the Central Indian Ocean and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. He also served as Vice-Chairman of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission during 1996–1998, enhancing India's global scientific standing.
In academia, he facilitated the establishment of ancillary industrial units around space centres, reviewed papers for international journals, and examined postgraduate theses in mechanical engineering for universities both in India and abroad.
Recognition and Professional Eminence
Dr. Muthunayagam is a Fellow of several esteemed scientific and engineering bodies, including:
- The Indian National Academy of Engineering
- The Astronautical Society of India
- The Aeronautical Society of India
- The Institution of Engineers (India)
He is also recognized as a foreign member of the Academy of Cosmonautics in Moscow, highlighting his international acclaim.
The Padma Shri 2026 award celebrates Dr. Muthunayagam's lifetime of dedicated service, particularly his role in establishing the technological foundation for India's space program. From his early collaboration with Vikram Sarabhai to his leadership in liquid propulsion development at LPSC, Dr. Muthunayagam has been a cornerstone of India's achievements in space exploration, inspiring future generations of scientists and engineers.
