India has signalled a significant strategic shift in its approach to nuclear energy with a new policy framework, marking a substantial pivot aimed at accelerating the sector's growth. This move towards liberalisation is seen as essential for meeting the country's burgeoning energy demands and climate goals, but it arrives with credible concerns, particularly regarding relaxed liability norms and the robustness of regulatory mechanisms.
The Core of the SHANTI Policy Shift
The policy, details of which were underscored in a recent editorial, represents a deliberate effort to attract greater investment and participation in the nuclear energy sector. The central premise is that liberalisation is essential for unlocking the potential of nuclear power in India's energy mix. For a nation aggressively seeking to decarbonise while powering rapid economic growth, nuclear energy offers a reliable, low-carbon baseload option. The new framework is expected to streamline processes and create a more favourable environment for both domestic and international players.
Credible Concerns: Liability and Regulation
However, this big pivot does not come without its set of serious apprehensions. Analysts and observers have pointed out that the push for liberalisation appears to be accompanied by a relaxation of liability norms for operators and suppliers. The editorial explicitly highlighted that concerns over relaxed liability norms and regulation are credible. India's nuclear liability history, shaped by the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, has been a complex point of discussion with global suppliers. Any dilution of these norms raises questions about accountability and justice for citizens in the highly unlikely event of an incident.
Furthermore, the strength and independence of the regulatory framework are under scrutiny. A rapid expansion of nuclear capacity must be underpinned by an equally robust, transparent, and technically proficient regulatory body to ensure the highest standards of safety are not compromised for speed or cost. The policy's success will heavily depend on how these concerns are addressed and balanced with the imperative for growth.
The Path Forward for India's Nuclear Ambitions
The announcement, dated 18 December 2025, sets the stage for a new chapter in India's energy saga. The SHANTI policy is poised to be a defining element of India's infrastructure and climate strategy in the coming decades. While the liberalisation drive is a welcome step for an industry that has faced hurdles, the government must navigate the fine line between facilitating growth and ensuring unwavering commitment to safety, liability, and rigorous oversight. The national conversation must now focus on implementing this pivot without undermining the credible safeguards that protect public interest and environmental security.
In conclusion, India's nuclear energy pivot is a bold and necessary move. Yet, its ultimate legacy will be determined not just by the megawatts generated, but by how effectively it manages the associated risks through a fair liability regime and a regulator empowered to operate without undue influence.
