Sulfur Dioxide Emerges as Critical Air Pollutant in Guwahati
Over the past two days, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has become a prominent air pollutant in Guwahati, alongside the more commonly monitored PM2.5 and PM10. This development has sparked significant concerns regarding respiratory health risks for the city's residents.
Unusual Spike in Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations
Gautam Kumar Mishra, Additional Chief Environmental Scientist of the Assam Pollution Control Board (APCB), reported that sulfur dioxide levels, which typically remain well below the 24-hour safety limit of 80 micrograms per cubic metre, showed a concerning increase in the Panbazar area on Sunday and Monday. "The reasons for this spike will be determined after a thorough analysis," Mishra stated.
He elaborated that in Guwahati, sulfur dioxide concentrations usually range between 10 and 20 micrograms per cubic metre. Even in the Panbazar area, levels are generally around 40 micrograms per cubic metre. "However, the Central Pollution Control Board's daily bulletin identifying sulfur dioxide as one of the prominent pollutants requires careful examination," Mishra added.
Sources and Health Implications of the Pollution
According to Mishra, sulfur dioxide in Guwahati primarily originates from road dust and the bursting of crackers. He strongly advised residents to wear face masks as a precautionary measure to mitigate exposure.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is calculated by monitoring several pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Mishra emphasized that sulfur dioxide poses severe health risks comparable to those from particulate pollution.
A city-based doctor, speaking anonymously, highlighted the immediate dangers: "Sulfur dioxide can cause severe respiratory irritation and trigger asthma attacks almost instantly. In contrast, micro-pollutants like PM2.5 present a higher long-term risk as they penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream."
Understanding Particulate Matter Pollutants
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. This mixture can include smoke, soot, liquid or solid particles, mould, bacteria, pollen, and animal dander. Due to their tiny size, these particles can be inhaled deeply into the lungs, leading to serious health issues such as heart or lung disease, acute and chronic bronchitis, asthma attacks, and various other respiratory symptoms.
PM10 consists of particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less. These particles can enter the lungs through the nose and throat and are also associated with significant health impacts, including respiratory problems and aggravated conditions.
The combined presence of sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, and PM10 in Guwahati's air underscores the urgent need for continuous monitoring and effective pollution control measures to safeguard public health.
