Alarming Surge in Diabetic Foot Cases Reported Across Karnataka
Bengaluru is witnessing a concerning escalation in the prevalence of diabetic foot, a severe complication stemming from prolonged high blood sugar levels that inflict damage on nerves and blood vessels in the feet. This condition manifests through symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, or a complete loss of sensation, posing significant health risks if left unaddressed.
Steady Increase in Annual Cases Highlights Urgent Need for Intervention
Data from the Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research reveals a persistent upward trend, with cases ranging from 11,000 to 13,500 annually over the past three to four years. This consistent pattern underscores the critical importance of early detection and timely treatment to avert serious health complications, including infections, ulcers, and potential amputations.
Neuropathy, or nerve damage, frequently emerges even before a formal diabetes diagnosis is established, catching many patients off guard. Dr. Belehalli Pavan, associate professor and head of the podiatry department at the Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research, notes that individuals across all age groups are increasingly affected. "When patients seek medical attention, they often report burning sensations in their feet, leading to diabetes testing. Neuropathy can develop silently, before they are even aware of their condition", he explains.
Research indicates that metabolic changes associated with pre-diabetes can initiate neuropathy, emphasizing the necessity for heightened vigilance. Dr. Pavan stresses, "These early alterations demand immediate attention to prevent progression."
Multi-Disciplinary Approach and Awareness Gaps
Dr. Srinath Aswathiah, a senior consultant in diabetes and endocrinology at Kauvery Hospital, draws a parallel between diabetic foot and other vascular emergencies. "Just as impaired blood flow to the brain causes strokes or to the heart triggers heart attacks, compromised circulation to the feet results in what we term a 'foot attack'", he states. This can lead to severe infections and the need for amputations if not managed promptly.
He highlights a significant awareness deficit, noting that many patients perceive foot issues as purely surgical concerns, consulting wound care specialists or orthopaedists rather than endocrinologists. "By the time a diabetic foot case reaches us, it is often advanced. A collaborative, multi-disciplinary strategy involving endocrinologists yields superior outcomes", Dr. Aswathiah advises.
Common Hazards and Innovative Solutions
Toenail problems represent a major risk factor, particularly among elderly individuals who struggle with nail trimming, leading to ingrown nails and subsequent infections. Neuropathy often masks these issues, delaying recognition. Dr. Pramila Kalra, a consultant endocrinologist at Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, warns that salon visits for nail shaping can also pose risks, even for younger patients, potentially escalating to pus formation and gangrene if untreated.
In response, researchers have developed dynamic offloading footwear through a collaboration between the Karnataka Institute of Endocrinology and Research and the Indian Institute of Science. This innovative design incorporates a snapping mechanism that maintains foot balance, accelerates healing in injured areas, and prevents new injuries. Dr. Pavan, whose startup strideAide is involved, explains, "Our arches respond to pressure thresholds, snapping back to redistribute weight effectively."
A second patent application aims to tailor the footwear to individual Body Mass Index levels, ensuring optimal offloading based on weight. Professor GK Ananthasuresh of IISc adds, "We are refining the design for mass production to enhance affordability and accessibility for all patients."
Essential Preventive Measures for Diabetic Foot Care
Experts recommend a comprehensive daily routine to mitigate risks:
- Wash and thoroughly inspect feet each day, keeping them dry
- Avoid walking barefoot at all times
- Wear clean, properly fitting shoes
- Regularly trim and file toenails
- Refrain from applying moisturizer between toes
- Maintain a balanced and nutritious diet
- Do not attempt to remove calluses, warts, or corns independently
- Promptly address any wounds or cracked skin
The escalating case numbers in Karnataka serve as a stark reminder of the growing diabetic foot burden, urging enhanced public health initiatives and individual vigilance to combat this silent yet devastating condition.
