As temperatures soar this summer, hospitals across Pune are witnessing a significant increase in patients suffering from ailments affecting the eyes, kidneys, and digestive system. As of May 7, Maharashtra has officially recorded 229 heatstroke cases and five fatalities.
Eye Complications on the Rise
The combination of dry weather, dust, and intense UV rays is leading to a spike in eye-related complications. Dr. Yogesh Chougule, consultant cataract, cornea, and refractive surgeon at NIO Super Specialty Hospital, explained that heat disrupts tear film stability. "Exposure to extreme heat causes increased tear evaporation and impaired production. We are seeing a rise in dry eye cases, particularly among athletes, children, and drivers," he said. Symptoms include burning sensations, frequent redness, itchiness, and blurred vision.
To combat this, doctors recommend the "20-20-20 rule": every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds to reduce strain. Nutritional support also helps. "Foods rich in Vitamins A, C, and E, along with omega-3 fats, protect the retina and maintain moisture. Carrots, rich in beta-carotene, and simple lemon-mint water are excellent for eye health and hydration," Dr. Chougule added.
Digestive System Challenges
The gastrointestinal (GI) system faces unique physiological challenges in the heat. To cool the body, blood flow is redirected from internal organs toward the skin, compromising the gut. Dr. Pramod Katare, consultant gastroenterologist at Noble Hospitals and Research Centre, said, "This relative reduction in blood flow to the organs can compromise the intestinal barrier, potentially leading to 'leaky gut' and systemic inflammation."
Extreme heat also alters gut microbiota and slows gastric emptying, causing bloating and heaviness. "When the body is dehydrated, the colon absorbs more water from waste, increasing the risk of chronic constipation. For those with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), these fluctuations often trigger painful flare-ups," Dr. Katare added. Warm weather accelerates the growth of bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, making foodborne infections more prevalent.
Kidney and Renal Stress
Nephrologists are witnessing a sharp seasonal rise in patients with dehydration-related renal stress and acute kidney injury. "We are observing severe weakness, reduced urine output, burning urination, and episodes of fainting," said Dr Avinash Ignatius, senior nephrologist and transplant physician at Noble Hospitals. "Particularly vulnerable are the elderly, diabetics, outdoor workers, and those on diuretics. We are also seeing a rise in recurrent kidney stones because concentrated urine during dehydration promotes crystal formation."
Dialysis patients face heightened risk, reporting increased exhaustion and blood pressure drops due to excessive fluid and electrolyte loss from heat exposure.
Preventive Measures
Medical experts emphasize that extreme heat is a direct physiological stressor on cardiovascular and renal systems. Preventive hydration, early symptom recognition, and avoiding outdoor activity during peak afternoon hours have become critical public health measures for residents across the region.
